An anal fistula is an abnormal communication between the perianal skin and the inside of the anus. It is usually caused by infection of the glands that are located between the 2 muscles that surround the anal canal.  Symptoms include: pain, purulent or blood-stained discharge and a painful lump in case of an abscess. Fistulae

Laser treatment for hemorrhoids consists in the introduction of a laser probe that produces high intensity heat that ultimately causes shrinkage and scarring with resolution of the hemorrhoids. Since hemorrhoids are almost always associated with a certain degree of prolapse of the rectal mucosa, the technique also includes an hemorrhoidopexy that is obtained by plicating

A hernia of the abdominal wall is the protrusion of intrabdominal or preperitoneal content through a defect in the abdominal wall. There are different types of hernia including inguinal, umbilical, epigastric, spighelian, lumbar, femoral, obturator and incisional. The most common hernia in the infant is umbilical, while inguinal hernias are more common in the adult.

Hemorrhoids are a very common condition presenting with bleeding on passing stool, prolapse, itching and burning sensation. Pain is not usually present unless the hemorrhoids are thrombosed. The introduction of new techniques, such as laser, ultrasound Doppler- guided ligation and stapling, has offered an alternative to traditional excision with the aim of reducing postoperative pain