О грыжах: Значение и определение

Hernia meaning: The word ‘Hernia” comes from the Latin: hernia “rupture”, related to hira “intestine’. Interestingly enough, the word is often misspelt, and “hernis” seems to be a very common search word on the web.

Hernia definition: A hernia is the protrusion of a viscus through the wall of the cavity that contains it. Most common hernias are abdominal wall hernias: inguinal, femoral, umbilical, paraumbilical, epigastric, spigelian, lumbar, obturator and incisional hernias.

Что такое паховая грыжа?

паховая грыжа – это дефект задней стенки пахового канала (поперечной фасции), через который проходит жир или внутрибрюшное содержимое. Грыжи, располагающиеся латеральнее нижних надчревных сосудов и впадающие в глубокое паховое кольцо, называются непрямыми, а прямые грыжи — между надчревными сосудами и пупочными складками. В то время как косые грыжи обычно состоят из внутрибрюшного содержимого (сальник, кишка), прямые грыжи обычно состоят из предбрюшинного жира. Паховые грыжи располагаются выше и медиальнее лобкового бугорка, а бедренные грыжи располагаются снизу и латерально. В паховом канале у мужчин находится семенной канатик, а у женщин — круглая связка. Необходимо обратить внимание во время пластики паховой грыжи на структуры семенного канатика, чтобы не повредить яичко.

Каковы причины возникновения грыжи?

A general structural tissue abnormality leading to weakness has been shown in people with hernias. However, contributing factors are chronic increases of abdominal pressure (heavy lifting, chronic cough, constipation with straining, etc.

Каковы симптомы грыжи?

Pain and discomfort and the presence of a swelling more obvious with increase of abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, straining) are the most common symptoms. The discomfort usually worsens during the day and subsides when resting or lying down. A swelling that becomes hard and unable to be pushed back in or increasing pain radiating to other parts of the abdomen are worrisome signs of incarceration or strangulation that require emergency treatment.

Как диагностируются грыжи?

Clinical examination is usually enough to diagnose hernias. A defect can be palpated and the hernia is made more obvious asking the patient to cough or perform Valsalva maneuver. Examination of the inguinal canal is best performed by introflection of scrotal skin with the index finger and palpating the posterior wall for presence of defects. Asking the patient to cough, an impulse will be felt. An ultrasound scan can be performed in case of doubts, and a CT scan is useful in large ventral hernias for planning of approach prior to surgery.

Как проводится лечение грыж?

It is usually recommended that a mesh (prosthetic material) is used to repair hernias to reduce recurrence rates. A mesh allows to reinforce weak tissues and also to avoid the tension that is obtained by closing the edges of the hernia defect with simple sutures. Tension is the main cause of recurrence. Laparoscopic techniques are widely used to repair hernias, however, when abdominal defects are large (>10 cm) some surgeons prefer to perform an open approach.

Бесплатная консультация по грыжам

A proctology service in Dubai and Abu Dhabi not only for Hernia Treatments, but also for many other diseases is currently operating in Dubai London Hospital, Aster Hospital, American Hospital. Currently, Dr. Antonio Privitera is offering a free consultation for hernias in the same hospital in Dubai and Abu Dhabi.